The Yin Dynasty ruins in Anyang, the historical site of the Shang Dynasty city in Zhengzhou, the Longmen Grottos in Luoyang, one thousand year old Iron Pagoda in Kaifeng, the Shaolin Temple and the Zhongyue Temple at the Songshan Mountain, and the Song Dynasty tomb in Gongxian County from an important part of China's splendid culture. Agricultural production began in Henan more than four thousand years ago. Henan was the political, cultural and economic centre of China in ancient times.Īnyang, Luoyang and Kaifeng were capitals of different imperial dynasties. In Dahe village Zhengzhou, people have found the remains mainly of the 5,000 year old Yangshao and Longshan Cultures in another site of the Neolithic Age. A historical site of some piles-up remains of the Xiaotun Culture, the Longshan Culture and the Yangshao Culture has also been unearthed in Anyang County. There is a site of the remains of the Yangshao Culture, which dates back to the late period of the Neolithic Age, in the Yangshao village, Mianchu County.
Henan is one of the cradles of Chinese nation. Average annual rainfall is between 500mm and 900mm, while heavy rains, often torrential downpours, occur in July, August and September. Generally, the southern and eastern parts of the province have warmer climate than the western and northern parts of the province. The annual temperature averages between 12✬ and 16✬ (53.6 ✯ and 60.8 ✯), with the minimum temperature being -3✬ to 3✬ (26.6 ✯ to 37.4 ✯) in January and the maximum temperature being 24✬ to 29✬ (75.2 ✯ and 84.2✯) in July. The climate changes are fairly accurately represented by the twenty-four solar terms on the Chinese lunar calendar. This province has a temperate climate with distinctive four seasons. Zhengzhou is the capital city of Henan Province. It covers an area of over 167,000 square kilometres and has a population of 98.20 million (2006), consisting of the nationalities of Han, Hui, Mongolian and Manchu. Henan Province lies in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.
Henan Province has seven state-level historical and cultural cities, and Luoyang, Kaifeng, and Anyang are among China's Seven Ancient Capitals. It served as the capital of 200 empires during its history of more than 20 dynasties, leaving behind over 1.3 million relics. Henan Province is located on the southern lower reaches of the Huanghe River (Yellow River).
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